Pramono, Gunadi (2026) KEBEBASAN HAKIM DALAM PERTENTANGAN DENGAN AKUNTABILITAS PADA SISTEM PENGAWASAN DAN PENEGAKAN ETIKA PERADILAN PIDANA DI INDONESIA. Masters thesis, UNIVERSITAS ISLAM KALIMANTAN MAB.
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Abstract
ABSTRAK Gunadi Pramono, 2309060020. 2025. Kebebasan Hakim dalam Pertentangan dengan Akuntabilitas pada Sistem Pengawasan dan Penegakan Etika Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia. Penelitian ini berfokus pada isu kebebasan hakim yang sering kali berhadapan dengan tuntutan akuntabilitas dalam sistem pengawasan dan penegakan etika peradilan pidana di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis: pertama, pengaturan kebebasan hakim dalam peradilan pidana; kedua, mekanisme akuntabilitas melalui sistem pengawasan dan penegakan etika hakim; dan ketiga, bentuk pertentangan antara kebebasan hakim dan akuntabilitas serta strategi untuk menyeimbangkan keduanya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Bahan hukum yang dipakai meliputi bahan hukum primer berupa Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Undang-Undang tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, KUHAP, serta Kode Etik dan Pedoman Perilaku Hakim (KEPPH), disertai bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur dan jurnal, serta bahan hukum tersier berupa kamus hukum. Analisis dilakukan secara normatif kualitatif dengan metode berpikir deduktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebebasan hakim di Indonesia dijamin secara konstitusional, diperkuat dalam undang-undang, hukum acara pidana, serta instrumen etika. Namun, kebebasan tersebut tidaklah absolut, melainkan harus dipahami sebagai kebebasan yang bertanggung jawab. Di sisi lain, akuntabilitas hakim diwujudkan melalui pengawasan internal oleh Mahkamah Agung dan pengawasan eksternal oleh Komisi Yudisial, serta diperkuat oleh KEPPH. Kendati demikian, praktik implementasi masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan kewenangan Komisi Yudisial dan tarik-menarik otoritas dengan Mahkamah Agung. Pertentangan antara kebebasan dan akuntabilitas menimbulkan implikasi serius, antara lain inkonsistensi putusan, menurunnya kepercayaan publik, dan melemahnya legitimasi peradilan. Untuk menyeimbangkan keduanya diperlukan strategi berupa penguatan sinergi antara MA dan KY, internalisasi kode etik, transparansi putusan, serta keberanian hakim menafsirkan hukum secara progresif demi keadilan substantif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa kebebasan hakim merupakan syarat bagi tegaknya keadilan, sedangkan akuntabilitas merupakan syarat bagi terjaganya legitimasi peradilan. Keduanya bukan prinsip yang saling menegasikan, melainkan dua pilar yang harus dijaga secara bersamaan agar peradilan pidana benar-benar berfungsi sebagai pilar negara hukum demokratis. Kata Kunci: Kebebasan Hakim, Akuntabilitas, Pengawasan, Penegakan, Etika Peradilan Pidana. ABSTRACT Gunadi Pramono, 2309060020. 2025. Judicial Independence in Conflict with Accountability in The Criminal Justice Ethics Monitoring and Enforcement System in Indonesia. This research focuses on the issue of judicial independence, which frequently confronts the demands of accountability within the oversight and ethical enforcement system of criminal justice in Indonesia. The objectives of the study are to analyze: first, the regulation of judicial independence in criminal justice; second, the accountability mechanisms through systems of oversight and ethical enforcement of judges; and third, the forms of tension between judicial independence and accountability as well as strategies to reconcile both principles. The research adopts a normative legal method, employing a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials used consist of primary legal sources, namely the 1945 Constitution, the Law on Judicial Power, the Indonesian Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP), and the Code of Ethics and Code of Judicial Conduct (KEPPH), supported by secondary legal materials such as literature and scholarly articles, and tertiary legal materials such as law dictionaries. The analysis is conducted normatively and qualitatively, using a deductive reasoning method. The findings indicate that judicial independence in Indonesia is constitutionally guaranteed, reinforced by statutory law, criminal procedure law, and ethical instruments. However, such independence is not absolute; it must be understood as responsible independence. On the other hand, judicial accountability is implemented through internal oversight by the Supreme Court and external oversight by the Judicial Commission, further strengthened by KEPPH. Nevertheless, the practice of implementation still faces challenges, including the limited authority of the Judicial Commission and recurring tensions with the Supreme Court. The tension between independence and accountability produces serious implications, such as inconsistency of judgments, declining public trust, and the weakening of judicial legitimacy. To balance these principles, strategies are required, including strengthening synergy between the Supreme Court and the Judicial Commission, internalizing the code of ethics, ensuring transparency of judicial decisions, and encouraging judges to interpret the law progressively in pursuit of substantive justice. The conclusion affirms that judicial independence is a prerequisite for upholding justice, while accountability is a prerequisite for maintaining judicial legitimacy. These two principles are not mutually exclusive but rather complementary pillars that must be upheld simultaneously to ensure that criminal justice genuinely functions as a pillar of the democratic rule of law. Keywords: Judicial Independence, Accountability, Monitoring, Enforcement Criminal Justice Ethics.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kata Kunci: Kebebasan Hakim, Akuntabilitas, Pengawasan, Penegakan, Etika Peradilan Pidana. Keywords: Judicial Independence, Accountability, Monitoring, Enforcement Criminal Justice Ethics. |
| Subjects: | K Law > K Law (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Law, Arts and Social Sciences > School of Art |
| Depositing User: | Gunadi Pramono |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jun 2026 02:01 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jun 2026 02:01 |
| URI: | http://eprints.uniska-bjm.ac.id/id/eprint/36305 |
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